沖壓件的基本成型工藝
Basic forming process of stamping parts
沖壓件成形原理：沖壓是靠壓力機和模具對板材、帶材、管材和型材等，施加外力，使之產生塑性變形或分離，從而獲得所需形狀和尺寸的工件（沖壓件）的成形加工方法。
Forming principle of stamping parts: stamping is a forming processing method for sheet, strip, pipe and profile by applying external force by press and die to produce plastic deformation or separation, so as to obtain the required shape and size of the workpiece (stamping part).
工藝分類：沖壓主要是按工藝分類，可分為分離工序和成形工序兩大類。
Process classification: stamping is mainly classified by process, which can be divided into separation process and forming process.
分離工序（沖裁工序）：其目的是使沖壓件沿一定輪廓線從板料上分離，同時保證分離斷面的質量要求。分離工序：沖裁（落料、沖孔）、剪切、切口、切邊、剖切。
Separation process (blanking process): its purpose is to separate the stamping parts from the sheet along a certain contour line, and ensure the quality requirements of the separation section. Separation process: blanking (blanking, punching), cutting, cutting, edge cutting, cutting.
圖片
picture
沖裁時板料的變形過程
Deformation process of sheet metal during blanking
變形過程：
Deformation process:
模具間隙正常時，金屬材料的沖裁過程可分三個階段：
When the die gap is normal, the blanking process of metal materials can be divided into three stages
1）彈性變形階段
1) Elastic deformation stage
板料產生彈性壓縮，彎曲和拉伸等變形。材料在受到外力作用時產生變形或者尺寸 的變化，而 且能夠恢復的變形叫做彈性變形。
The sheet metal has elastic compression, bending and stretching deformation. The deformation or size change of material under the action of external force, and the deformation that can be recovered is called elastic deformation.
2）塑性變形階段
2) Plastic deformation stage
板料的應力達到屈服極限，板料開始產生塑性剪切變形。是指材料在外力作用下產而在外力去除后不能恢復的那部分變形。
When the stress reaches the yield limit, the sheet metal begins to produce plastic shear deformation. It refers to the deformation of material produced under the action of external force and can not be recovered after the removal of external force.
3）斷裂分離階段
3) Fracture separation stage
已成形的裂紋沿最大應變速度方向向材料內延伸，呈楔形狀發展
The formed crack extends into the material along the direction of maximum strain velocity and develops in wedge shape